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SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) is an XML-based standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties, particularly between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP).

SAML enables Single Sign-On (SSO) functionality, where a user can authenticate with one service and use that authentication to access other services without having to re-enter credentials. SAML achieves this by using security tokens that contain information about the user's identity and authentication status, which are passed between the IdP and the SP.

SAML can be used in a variety of scenarios, such as in enterprise settings where users need to access multiple applications with a single set of credentials. It is also commonly used in web-based applications and cloud services, and is widely supported by many identity and access management systems.

One of the advantages of SAML is that it allows for federated identity management, meaning that multiple organizations can agree on a common set of authentication protocols and share user information securely.