Glossary of Web, Mobile & Software Development Terms

.NET (Web)

.NET is a software development framework for developing a wide range of applications, including desktop, web, mobile, gaming, and IoT applications.

.NET Core (Web)

.NET Core is an open-source development framework for building applications that can run on different operating systems such as Windows, Linux, and macOS.

2FA (Web)

Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a security process that requires users to provide two forms of identification before gaining access to a system or service.

5G (Android)

To detect 5G networks on Android, app developers can use the Android TelephonyManager API to check for a 5G network connection.

Accelerometer (Android)

Android app developers use the Accelerometer to measure the device's acceleration and orientation in three dimensions: X, Y, and Z, such as gravity or movement.

Accessibility testing (Android)

Accessibility testing is important for ensuring that your app can be used by the widest possible audience, including people with visual, auditory, motor, and cognitive disabilities

Account Transfer API (Android)

The API allows developers to create apps that can move various types of data, such as contacts, calendar events, and messages, from one device to another.

Activities (Android)

An Android app typically consists of multiple activities, each of which can be thought of as a separate screen that the user interacts with.

ADFS (Web)

Provides single sign-on (SSO) access to web-based applications and other network resources for users who are authenticated in an Active Directory domain

AES (Web)

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a widely used symmetric-key encryption algorithm for data protection, secure communication, and digital signatures.

Affiliate Program (Ecommerce)

A marketing strategy where an online store or ecommerce platform pays a commission to affiliates who promote their products or services and generate sales or traffic to the store.

Agile (Web)

Agile is an iterative and incremental approach to project management and software development that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer satisfaction.

AJAX (Web)

AJAX is a technique used in web development that allows a web page to update content dynamically without requiring the user to refresh the page.

Ambient Light Sensor (Android)

An important component of Android devices that helps to improve the user experience and make using the device more comfortable in a variety of lighting conditions.

AML (Web)

Application Modelling Language (AML) is used to describe the structure and behaviour of an application to help with the design, development, and maintenance of software and apps.

AMQP (Web)

AMQP stands for Advanced Message Queuing Protocol, which is a widely-used protocol for messaging between applications in a reliable and secure way.

Android App Architecture (Android)

An Android app tends to contain many different components such as activities, services and broadcast receivers which we declare in the Android app's Manifest file.

Android Profiler (Android)

Android Profiler is a tool provided by Google for Android app developers to analyse and optimize the performance of their Android applications.

Android Versions (Android)

Here is a list of major Android versions, along with their release dates and key features.

android_res_nsend (Android)

This function sends a DNS query message to one or more DNS servers and waits for a response. The response is then parsed to extract the IP address associated with the hostname.

AndroidX (Android)

AndroidX is a package of libraries that provides backward compatibility for newer Android features and components for maintaining compatibility with older Android versions.

Angular (Web)

Angular is a popular open-source web application framework used for building dynamic and scalable web applications with rich user interfaces.

AngularJS (Web)

AngularJS is an open-source front-end web application framework that was initially released in 2010 by Google. It is now deprecated in favour of Angular.

Animations / Transitions (Android)

Android animations and transitions are visual effects that can be applied to the user interface (UI) elements in an Android app to make it more visually appealing and engaging.

API (Web)

A Web API (Application Programming Interface) is a type of interface that allows different software systems to communicate with each other over the internet.

APK (Android)

Android Application Package (APK) is the file format used to distribute and install applications on Android devices.

App Bundles (AAB) (Android)

Android App Bundles (AAB) is a publishing format for Android apps that helps developers create and deliver optimized versions of their app based on the user's device specifications

App data / files (Android)

Here are some common places where app data and files are stored on Android devices

ASP.NET (Web)

ASP.NET is a web application framework developed by Microsoft. It allows developers to build dynamic web pages, web applications, and web services using languages such as C#.

Asynchronous programming (Web)

Asynchronous programming allows multiple tasks to be performed simultaneously, without blocking the program.

AsyncLayoutInflater (Android)

The AsyncLayoutInflater is a class in the Android platform that allows you to inflate a layout asynchronously in the background thread without blocking the UI thread.

Audio / Video (Android)

Android includes a variety of built-in multimedia features that allow users to play, record, and edit audio and video content.

Autofill (Android)

The Autofill Framework can be used to store and retrieve user data such as addresses, usernames, passwords, and credit card information.

Automotive Library (Android)

The Android Automotive Library is a set of APIs are designed for use in vehicles and provide access to a range of features, such as media playback, navigation, and communication.

AWS (Web)

AWS stands for Amazon Web Services, which is a cloud computing platform provided by Amazon.

AWS Lambda (Web)

AWS Lambda is a serverless computing service offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that allows you to run code without needing to provision or manage servers.

Azure (Web)

Azure is a cloud computing platform developed by Microsoft and can be used for building, deploying, and managing applications and services through Microsoft-managed data centres.

Azure AD (Web)

Azure AD (Azure Active Directory) is a cloud-based identity and access management service from Microsoft.

Azure DevOps (Web)

Azure DevOps is a set of cloud-based services provided by Microsoft for managing software development projects, from planning and tracking work to code repositories.

Azure Machine Learning (Machine Learning)

Azure Machine Learning is a cloud-based platform provided by Microsoft for building, training, and deploying machine learning models.

Back-end development (Web)

Back-end development refers to the development of the server-side of web applications, where the server is responsible for processing requests and delivering responses.

Background Tasks (Android)

Android background tasks are tasks that are performed by an Android app while the app is not in the foreground or actively being used by the user.

Backpropagation (Machine Learning)

Backpropagation is a fundamental technique used in machine learning models that helps to train neural networks to solve specific problems.

Bandwidth Estimation (Android)

Android provides an API for estimating bandwidth called NetworkCapabilities to determine the estimated bandwidth of the network connection your device is currently using.

Barometer (Android)

The barometer sensor measures changes in air pressure, which can be used to determine changes in altitude, as well as to provide weather information.

BDD (Web)

Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) is a software development methodology that aims to improve collaboration and communication between developers, testers, and business stakeholders

Bespoke CMS (Web)

A bespoke CMS, or custom CMS (Content Management System), is a CMS that is built from scratch to meet the specific needs and requirements of a particular website or organization.

Biometric Authentication (Android)

Android biometric authentication is a security feature that allows users to authenticate themselves using their biometric data, such as fingerprints, or facial recognition.

Biometric Library (Android)

The Biometric Library provides a standardized way to use biometric authentication, such as fingerprint or face recognition, across all Android devices.

Blobs (large datasets) (Android)

The Android BlobStoreManager is a system service introduced in Android 12 that provides a way for apps to store and retrieve large data blobs (up to 4GB) efficiently.

Bluetooth Low Energy Audio (BLEA) (Android)

The Android platform provides the Bluetooth Low Energy Audio (BLEA) feature to support audio streaming over BLE and is not suitable for high-quality audio streaming.

BluetoothAdapter (Android)

Android BluetoothAdapter is a class in the Android SDK that provides a way to interact with Bluetooth hardware on an Android device.

Bootstrap (Web)

Bootstrap is a popular front-end framework that is used for creating responsive and mobile-first web pages and applications.

Bootstrap Icons (Web)

Bootstrap Icons is a free and open-source icon set designed to work with the Bootstrap framework.

Botnet (Web)

A botnet is a network of computers or devices that have been compromised by malicious software and can be controlled remotely by an attacker.

BroadcastReceiver (Android)

Android apps can send or receive broadcast messages from the Android system and other Android apps. These broadcasts can be system-generated or custom-defined.

BrowserStack (Web)

BrowserStack is a cloud-based cross-browser testing tool that allows developers and QA teams to test their web and mobile applications on a wide range of real devices and browsers.

C# (Web)

C# (pronounced "C sharp") is a modern, general-purpose programming language designed by Microsoft for developing a wide range of applications that run on the .NET Framework.

C++ (Web)

C++ is known for its performance and efficiency, making it a popular choice for developing operating systems, video games, and other high-performance software.

Caffe (Machine Learning)

Caffe is an open-source deep learning framework for building and training deep neural networks.

Camera2 (Android)

Android Camera2 is a software interface provided by the Android operating system that enables developers to access advanced camera features on Android devices.

CameraX (Android)

Android CameraX is a Jetpack library that provides an easy-to-use and consistent API for working with the camera on Android devices.

Captive portal (Android)

The API provides a reliable way for access points to identify themselves as captive portals, i.e. web pages displayed to users when they connect to a public Wi-Fi network.

Checkout (Ecommerce)

The ecommerce checkout process is the final step in the online shopping experience where customers complete their purchase by providing payment and shipping information.

CI/CD (Web)

CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (or Deployment) is used to automate the process of building, testing, and deploying software changes.

Class (Web)

A class is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming that defines a blueprint for creating objects that have similar properties and behaviours.

Client-side (Web)

Client-side refers to the part of a computer program or application that runs on the user's device, such as a web browser or mobile device, as opposed to the server-side.

Cloud (Web)

Cloud technology, also known as cloud computing, is the delivery of computing services over the internet such as storage, processing, networking, and software applications.

CLR (Web)

The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is a component of the .NET Framework and is responsible for managing the execution of .NET programs.

CMS (Web)

CMS stands for Content Management System are used by individuals, businesses, and organizations to manage their websites, online stores, blogs, and other online platforms.

Compatibility Testing (Android)

Android compatibility testing is the process of testing an Android app to ensure that it functions properly on different Android devices and operating system versions.

Computer Vision (Machine Learning)

Computer vision is a field of machine learning that focuses on enabling machines to interpret and understand visual data (images and videos).

ConnectivityManager (Android)

Can be used to determine the state of the network connection, such as whether the device is currently connected to a network, whether the connection is via Wi-Fi or cellular data.

ConstraintLayout (Android)

Android ConstraintLayout is a powerful layout manager that allows developers to create complex and responsive user interfaces in Android apps.

Containerization (Web)

Software containers to package and deploy applications in a way that is more efficient, consistent, and portable across different computing environments.

CRM (Web)

CRM software tools are used to manage customer interactions and automate certain processes, such as customer data management, lead tracking, and marketing campaign management.

Cronet (Android)

Android Cronet is a networking library for Android that provides a fast and efficient way to make HTTP(S) requests.

Cross-device SDK (Android)

Android Cross-device SDK is a software development kit that allows developers to create mobile applications that can run on multiple Android devices.

Cryptography (Web)

Cryptography is used to protect sensitive information, such as personal data, financial transactions via secure communication, data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication.

CSS (Web)

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets, and it is a styling language used to define the visual appearance of HTML elements on a web page.

Customer Reviews (Ecommerce)

These reviews provide potential customers with valuable information about the quality, value, and overall experience of using the product or service.

Cyberattack (Web)

A cyberattack is an attempt by a malicious individual or group to gain unauthorized access to, disrupt, damage, or steal data from a computer system, network, or digital device.

Dapper (Web)

Dapper is a free and open-source ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) framework for .NET developers.

Dart (Web)

Dart is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed by Google for high-performance web applications and mobile applications.

Data Access Objects (DAO) (Android)

The DAO pattern is a common design pattern used in Android development to separate the database logic from the rest of the application code.

Databinding Library (Android)

The benefits of using the Android Databinding Library include reduced boilerplate code, improved code organization, improved readability, and improved performance.

Data-layer (Web)

In web development, the data-layer can refer to the part of the application that interacts with databases or other data sources to retrieve and manipulate data.

DDoS (Web)

DDoS stands for "Distributed Denial of Service" where botnets are used to flood a targeted website or online service with traffic, making it inaccessible to legitimate users.

Debugging (Web)

Debugging is the process of identifying and resolving errors or bugs in computer software, hardware, or other electronic systems.

Deep Learning (Machine Learning)

Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of neural networks, interconnected nodes, which are capable of learning complex patterns in the data.

Device Discovery API (Android)

Android provides a range of APIs for discovering nearby devices, and the choice of API depends on the specific use case and the devices you're targeting.

DI (Web)

Dependency Injection (DI) in object-oriented programming allows for decoupling of components by providing dependencies from external sources rather than hardcoding them.

Digital signature (Web)

A digital signature is a cryptographic technique used to verify the authenticity and integrity of digital messages or documents.

Disaster Recovery (Web)

Disaster recovery refers to the process of restoring a web application and its data after a disaster or disruption that has caused the application to become unavailable or unusable

Django (Web)

Django is a free and open-source web framework written in Python designed to help developers build high-quality web applications quickly and easily.

DnsResolver (Android)

Android's DnsResolver is a system service that is responsible for resolving domain names into IP addresses.

Docker (Web)

Docker containers are lightweight, portable, self-contained environments that include everything an application needs to run, such as code, runtime, system tools, and libraries.

DOM (Web)

The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming interface for web documents. It represents the web page as a hierarchical tree structure.

E-commerce (Web)

E-commerce, or electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.

eCommerce Consumer Contracts Regulations (ECCCR) (Ecommerce)

The eCommerce Consumer Contracts Regulations (ECCCR) are a set of regulations that were introduced in the UK in 2002, which aim to protect consumers who shop online.

Ecommerce fulfilment (Web)

E-commerce fulfilment refers to the process of receiving, processing, picking, packing, and shipping online orders to customers.

Encryption (Web)

Encryption is the process of converting plaintext, which is human-readable data, into ciphertext, which is not easily readable without a decryption key.

Enterprise Library (Android)

The library includes features such as device management, security, and Android app distribution that are essential for enterprise-grade applications.

Entity Framework (Web)

Entity Framework is an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) framework that is used to interact with databases in .NET applications.

E-wallet (Web)

E-wallets, also known as digital wallets, are virtual wallets that allow users to store, manage, and make electronic transactions using their mobile devices or computers.

Exif (Android)

The Android ExifInterface library provides a way to read and write Exif metadata in image files, such as date, time, camera settings, and location information.

Facial Recognition (Machine Learning)

Facial recognition is a type of machine learning technology that is used to identify and verify the identity of an individual based on their facial features.

Fingerprint Recognition (Android)

Android fingerprint recognition is a biometric authentication method used to verify the identity of a user based on their unique fingerprint.

Firebase (Android)

Android Firebase is a mobile development platform offered by Google that provides developers with a range of tools and services for building high-quality, scalable Android app.

Flutter (Web)

Flutter is an open-source mobile application development framework created by Google to create natively compiled applications for mobile, web, and desktop from a single codebase.

Font Awesome (Web)

Font Awesome is a popular icon toolkit that provides a wide variety of scalable icons that can be used in web projects.

Fragments (Android)

The Android Fragment Library is a set of classes and interfaces that allow developers to create reusable UI components in Android applications.

Front-end development (Web)

Front-end development refers to the part of web development that focuses on creating the visual and interactive elements of a website or web application that users can see.

FTP (Web)

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, which is a standard network protocol used for transferring files between a client and a server on a computer network.

Fulfilment (Shipping / Handling) (Ecommerce)

Shipping and handling are the processes involved in getting products from an ecommerce store to the customer's location.

Functional testing (Android)

Android functional testing refers to the process of testing the functional behaviour of an Android application, verifying whether an application works as expected.

Game Development Kits (Android)

There are several libraries and tools available for Android game development. The choice of library or tool depends on the requirements of the game.

Git (Web)

Git is a popular version control system that allows developers to track changes to their code and collaborate with others.

Git Copilot (Web)

Git Copilot is a tool developed by OpenAI that integrates with GitHub's code editor and provides AI-generated code suggestions to help developers write code more quickly.

GitOps (Web)

GitOps is a modern approach to software delivery that leverages Git as the single source of truth for both application code and infrastructure configuration.

Go (Web)

Go (also known as Golang) is a modern, open-source programming language developed by Google in 2007.

Google Assistant Built-in Intents (Android)

Google Assistant has several built-in intents that allow developers to integrate their Android applications with the Assistant.

Google Icons (Web)

Google has a large library of icons that are available for use in various applications, websites, and other digital products. These icons are known as the Google Material Icons.

Gradle Plugin (Android)

The Android Gradle Plugin is a tool that helps developers build and package their Android app code into an APK (Android Package) that can be installed on Android devices.

Graphics (Android)

APIs provided by the Android operating system that allows developers to create and manipulate graphics, such as images, animations, and UI elements, on Android devices.

gRPC (Web)

gRPC is a high-performance, open-source Remote Procedure Call (RPC) framework developed by Google for passing messages between client and server using Protocol Buffers.

Gyroscope (Android)

The gyroscope is a sensor that is commonly found in modern Android devices. It measures the orientation and rotation of the device in three dimensions: pitch, roll, and yaw.

Hash (Web)

The hash function is designed to take any input and produce a unique, fixed-size output that represents the input data in a condensed form.

High Efficiency Image Format (HEIF) (Android)

HEIF is a newer image format that provides better compression and quality than older image formats like JPEG and PNG.

HTML (Web)

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a markup language used to create and structure the content of web pages.

HTML Canvas (Web)

The HTML Canvas is a powerful element that allows developers to create dynamic, interactive graphics and animations within a web page.

HTML colours (Web)

HTML uses the American spelling of colour, color. HTML colors are used to define the colors of the text, backgrounds, borders, and other elements of an HTML document.

HTML Graphics (Web)

HTML also includes features that allow you to create simple graphics and visual effects.

HTTP (Web)

HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is the primary protocol used to exchange data between a client and a server over the World Wide Web.

HttpsURLConnection (Android)

Android HttpsURLConnection is a class that allows you to establish a secure connection to a web server using the HTTPS protocol.

IaaS (Web)

IaaS stands for "Infrastructure as a Service". It is a cloud computing model in which a third-party provider hosts virtualized computing resources over the internet.

IDE (Web)

IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment, a set of tools and features to software developers for developing, testing, and debugging software programs.

Image Recognition (Machine Learning)

Image recognition is a field of machine learning that involves the development of algorithms and models that can analyse and interpret images.

Image Text Recognition (Machine Learning)

Image text recognition, optical character recognition (OCR), is a machine learning technology that enables computers to identify and extract text from digital images.

Immutability (Web)

In computer science, immutability refers to the property of an object or data structure that cannot be modified after it has been created.

Instrumented tests (Android)

Android Instrumented tests, also known as integration tests or UI tests, are automated tests that allow you to test the behaviour of your Android app in a simulated environment.

Intents (Android)

In Android, Intents are objects that are used to communicate between different components of an Android application, such as Activities, Services, and Broadcast Receivers.

Interpolator (Android)

Interpolators are used to control the rate at which animations occur, creating smooth transitions between different states.

ISO27001 (Web)

ISO 27001 is a globally recognized standard for information security management for managing and protecting sensitive information within an organization.

Java (Web)

Java is a programming language that is designed to be platform-independent, meaning that code written in Java can run on any platform with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed.

JavaScript (Web)

JavaScript is a high-level programming language that is commonly used for building interactive web pages and web applications.

Jetpack Compose (Android)

Android Jetpack Compose is a modern UI toolkit for building native Android apps using using a set of Kotlin APIs, rather than the traditional XML-based approach.

Jetpack Media3 (Android)

Android Jetpack Media3 is a set of libraries and tools for building media applications on Android.

jQuery (Web)

jQuery is a popular JavaScript library designed to simplify and streamline client-side web development.

JSON (Web)

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate.

JWT (Web)

JWT (short for "JSON Web Token") is a standard for representing and transmitting secure, digitally-signed JSON-based data between web applications and APIs.

Kanban (Web)

Kanban is a visual project management system that is used to manage and improve workflows in various industries.

Keras (Machine Learning)

Keras is a popular open-source deep learning framework that makes it easy to build and train neural networks.

Kotlin (Web)

Kotlin is a statically-typed programming language that aims to improve upon Java by providing a concise and expressive syntax, safer code, and better interoperability with Java.

Ktor (Android)

Ktor is a framework for building asynchronous, non-blocking, and high-performance server-side applications in Kotlin.

Kubernetes (Web)

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that is designed to automate the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

Language Translation (Machine Learning)

Language translation is a machine learning technology that enables computers to translate text from one language to another.

Laravel (Web)

Laravel is a popular open-source PHP web application framework known for its elegant syntax, expressive syntax, and its ability to make web development a lot faster and easier.

Large screen development (Android)

Developing for large screens (tablets, foldables, and ChromeOS devices) on Android requires a slightly different approach compared to developing for smaller screens.

Latency (Web)

Latency refers to the delay or time lag between the input of a command or data and the corresponding output or response.

LINQ (Web)

LINQ, or Language-Integrated Query, is a feature of the .NET framework that enables developers to write queries against various data sources, such as databases, XML files etc.

Location API (Android)

API provides a framework for accessing and using location data on an Android device to obtain the user's current location, as well as to monitor changes over time.

LocationListener (Android)

Android LocationListener is an interface provided by the Android framework that enables developers to receive location updates from the device's GPS or other location providers.

LocationManager (Android)

Android's LocationManager is a system service that provides location-related services to Android apps.

Machine Learning (Web)

Machine learning involves the development of algorithms and models that enable computer systems to automatically learn and improve from experience.

Magnetometer (Android)

The Android magnetometer is a sensor that is used to detect the orientation and tilt of a device relative to the Earth's magnetic field.

Material Components (Android)

Providing a set of pre-designed UI components, such as buttons, text fields, cards, and menus, that follow the Material Design guidelines.

MAUI (Android)

.NET Multi-platform App UI (MAUI) is an open-source, cross-platform user interface (UI) framework to build native apps for Android, iOS, macOS, and Windows

MediaStore API (Android)

The Android MediaStore API is a set of classes that allow developers to interact with media files and metadata stored on an Android device.

Meteredness (Android)

Meteredness is a term used in Android to refer to a network connection subject to data usage restrictions or charges, the system may adjust its behaviour to reduce data usage.

Method (Web)

Methods are defined within a class and are associated with the instances of that class. They can access and modify the instance variables of the class.

MFA (Web)

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a security mechanism that requires users to provide two or more forms of identification in order to access a system or account.

Microservices (Web)

Microservices is a software architecture style that structures an application as a collection of small, independent services that communicate with each other through APIs.

Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit (Machine Learning)

The open-source deep learning framework developed by Microsoft provides a set of powerful tools and libraries for building and training deep neural networks.

MongoDB (Web)

MongoDB is a popular open-source document-oriented NoSQL database management system.

MS SQL (Web)

MS SQL, or Microsoft SQL Server, is a relational database management system (RDBMS) developed by Microsoft.

Multi-threading (Web)

Multi-threading is a programming technique that enables a single program to execute multiple threads (or paths of execution) concurrently within the same process.

MVC (Web)

MVC, or Model-View-Controller, is a software design pattern that separates an application's user interface, data, and control logic into three interconnected components.

MXNet (Machine Learning)

MXNet is an open-source deep learning framework developed by Apache Software Foundation.

MySQL (Web)

MySQL is a popular open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that is widely used in web applications and other software systems.

Native app (Web)

A native app is a software application that is developed for a specific platform or operating system.

Natural Language Processing (Machine Learning)

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of machine learning that involves the development of algorithms and models that can analyse, understand, and generate text or speech..

Navigation (Android)

Android Navigation is a framework provided by Google to make it easier to navigate between different screens or destinations in an Android app.

NDA (Web)

A Software NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement) is a legal contract that is used to protect confidential information related to software development.

NDK (Android)

The Android NDK (Native Development Kit) is a set of tools that allows developers to write and compile native code for Android applications.

Near Field Communication (NFC) (Android)

Near Field Communication (NFC) is a technology that allows two devices to communicate with each other when they are placed in close proximity (typically within a few centimetres).

NetworkCallback (Android)

NetworkCallback is an Android class that allows app developers to monitor changes to the device's network connectivity (availability or quality).

NetworkInfo (Android)

NetworkInfo is a class in the Android SDK that provides information about the current network connection on an Android device. This class was deprecated in API level 29.

NetworkReceiver (Android)

Android NetworkReceiver is a system-level component that allows apps to receive notifications when the device's network connectivity status changes.

Node.js (Web)

Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment that allows developers to run JavaScript code outside of a web browser.

Nonlinear Activation Functions (Machine Learning)

Nonlinear activation functions are a type of mathematical function that are used in machine learning models to learn complex patterns in the data.

NoSQL (Web)

NoSQL, which stands for "not only SQL," is a class of non-relational databases that are designed to handle large and complex data sets.

NumPy (Web)

NumPy is a Python library for numerical computing, with a focus on efficient manipulation of multi-dimensional arrays.

OAuth2 (Web)

OAuth2 (Open Authorization 2) is an authorization framework used for secure API authentication and authorization.

OIDC (Web)

OIDC stands for OpenID Connect, which is an authentication protocol that provides an extension to the OAuth 2.0 protocol.

OkHttp (Android)

OkHttp is a popular open-source library that an be used for making HTTP requests in Android and it will silently recover from common connection problems.

Online payments (Web)

Online payments refer to the process of paying for goods or services over the internet using electronic payment methods.

Online shopping (Ecommerce)

Online shopping refers to the act of purchasing goods or services over the internet where consumers can shop from their own homes or on-the-go using their mobile devices.

Online Store (Ecommerce)

Here are some of the basic steps involved in building a bespoke ecommerce app with an online store.

ONNX (Machine Learning)

ONNX is an open-source format for representing machine learning models that allows developers to train and deploy models across a variety of platforms and hardware.

OOP (Web)

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that emphasizes the use of objects and classes to structure and organize code.

Open Mobile API (OMAPI) (Android)

Android Open Mobile API (OMAPI) is an API provided by Android that allows developers to access secure elements (payment card data or biometric information) on mobile devices.

OpenAI (Web)

OpenAI is an artificial intelligence research laboratory consisting of researchers and engineers who work to develop and promote friendly AI for the benefit of humanity.

OpenAI (Machine Learning)

OpenAI is an artificial intelligence research laboratory consisting of a team of researchers and engineers dedicated to advancing the development of AI in a safe and beneficial way

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) (Machine Learning)

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a technology that uses machine learning algorithms to recognize and extract text from images or scanned documents.

Oracle (Web)

Oracle Database is a popular relational database management system (RDBMS) developed by Oracle Corporation for managing and organizing large amounts of data

Order Tracking (Ecommerce)

Ecommerce order tracking is the process of monitoring the progress of a package or order as it moves from the seller to the buyer.

PaaS (Web)

PaaS stands for Platform as a Service, a platform for developers to build, run, and manage their applications without having to manage the underlying infrastructure.

Paging (Android)

Display a large dataset, such as a database, network, or other data source, incrementally, in chunks or pages, as needed, as the user scrolls through the list.

Palette (Android)

The Palette library provides a simple API that allows developers to access the extracted colours, including the dominant colour, vibrant colour, and muted colour.

Parameterized Queries (Web)

Parameterized queries are a way of executing SQL statements in a secure and efficient manner. They are also known as prepared statements or parameter binding.

Payment Gateway (Ecommerce)

An ecommerce payment gateway acts as a bridge between the ecommerce website and the customer's payment method, ensuring that transactions are processed securely and quickly.

PCF (Web)

Pivotal Cloud Foundry (PCF) is a platform-as-a-service (PaaS) offering that enables organizations to deploy, operate, and scale cloud-native applications quickly and easily.

Pen testing (Web)

Penetration testing, or pen testing, is a type of security testing that is used to assess the security of computer systems, networks, and applications.

Performance Testing (Android)

Android performance testing is the process of evaluating the speed, responsiveness, stability, and scalability of an Android application under different conditions.

PHP (Web)

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language that is used for creating dynamic web pages and web applications.

PlaidML (Machine Learning)

PlaidML is an open-source deep learning framework developed by Intel allowing developers to build and deploy machine learning models across a wide range of devices.

Play Core Library (Android)

The Android Play Core Library is a set of APIs that allows Android developers to integrate dynamic feature modules, in-app updates, and in-app reviews into their apps.

Play in-app billing (Android)

Play In-app Billing Library allows Android app developers to implement in-app billing functionality into their apps.

Play Install Referrer Library (Android)

Play Install Referrer library provides a way for app developers to identify which marketing campaigns, ad networks, or other sources are driving app installs.

Polymorphism (Web)

Polymorphism is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) that allows objects of different classes to be used interchangeably.

PostgreSQL (Web)

PostgreSQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that is widely used for storing and managing large amounts of data.

Postman (Web)

Postman is an API development platform that provides tools for designing, building, testing, and documenting APIs.

Predictive Analytics (Machine Learning)

Predictive analytics involves using data, statistical algorithms, and machine learning models to make predictions about future events or behaviours.

PreferenceActivity (Android)

This component provides a simple and consistent way to let users modify app settings and configurations. This class was deprecated in API level 29.

Pre-Trained Models (Machine Learning)

Pre-trained machine learning models are models that have been trained on large datasets and have already learned the patterns and features present in the data.

Privacy Policy (Ecommerce)

You must follow rules on data protection if your business stores or uses personal information.

Product Page (Ecommerce)

An ecommerce product page is an essential element of any ecommerce website, as it plays a crucial role in influencing a customer's purchasing decision.

Project management (Web)

Managing a web app project requires careful planning, organization, and communication. Some steps you can follow to effectively manage a web app development project.

Proximity Sensor (Android)

It is typically located near the earpiece on the front of the device and works by emitting an infrared light that bounces off nearby objects and returns to the sensor.

PSP (Web)

A Payment Service Provider (PSP) is a company that enables merchants to accept electronic payments from their customers via credit cards, debit cards, e-wallets, etc.

Python (Web)

Python is a popular high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its syntax is designed to be clear and concise, with an emphasis on readability and maintainability.

PyTorch (Web)

PyTorch is an open-source machine learning library used for building and training neural networks.

PyTorch (Machine Learning)

PyTorch is an open-source machine learning library based on the Torch library, primarily developed by Facebook's artificial intelligence research group.

QUIC (Web)

QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connection) is a transport layer protocol that was developed by Google to address some of the limitations of the traditional transport layer protocol, TCP.

R (Web)

R is a popular programming language and environment for statistical computing and graphics with a wide range of statistical and graphical techniques for analysing data.

RabbitMQ (Web)

RabbitMQ is an open-source message broker software that implements the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP).

Razor (Web)

ASP.NET Razor is a markup syntax that allows developers to embed server-based code (C# or VB.NET) into web pages.

RCA (Web)

Root cause analysis (RCA) involves identifying, analysing, and addressing the root cause(s) of a problem or an event to prevent it from occurring again in the future.

React (Web)

React is a JavaScript library widely used for building web and mobile applications, as well as for developing interfaces for desktop applications.

Redis (Web)

Redis (Remote Dictionary Server) is an in-memory key-value NoSQL database system that supports a wide range of data structures e.g. strings, hashes, lists, sets, and sorted sets.

Redundancy (Web)

The practice of implementing backup measures to ensure that a web application remains available and functional in the event of a failure or outage in the primary system.

Refunds and Exchanges (Ecommerce)

When it comes to refunds and exchanges in the UK ecommerce industry, there are certain rules and regulations that businesses need to follow.

Reinforcement Learning (Machine Learning)

Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning that involves an agent learning to make decisions based on rewards and punishments.

ReSharper (Web)

ReSharper is a popular productivity tool for developers that is designed to enhance the development experience in Visual Studio.

Responsive Web Design (Web)

Responsive web design is an approach to web design and development to create websites that provide an optimal user experience across a wide range of devices and screen sizes.

REST (Web)

REST (Representational State Transfer) is a style of architecture for building web services, where web services are built to be resource-oriented, stateless and lightweight.

RESTful API (Web)

RESTful APIs enable communication between different software applications over the internet by providing a standardized way to exchange data between them.

Retrofit (Android)

Android Retrofit is a type-safe HTTP client for Android and Java that simplifies the process of sending network requests and processing the responses received from the server.

Returns Policy (Ecommerce)

The UK has several laws in place to protect the rights of consumers when it comes to returning items purchased online.

Room persistence library (Android)

Room provides an abstraction layer over SQLite to allow for more robust database access while also providing compile-time verification of SQL queries.

Routing (Web)

In web development, routing is commonly used to map URLs to corresponding controllers or handlers that process the requests and generate responses.

Rust (Web)

Rust is a systems programming language that was initially developed by Mozilla and is now maintained by the Rust community.

SaaS (Web)

SaaS stands for "Software as a Service", a model of delivering software applications over the internet as a service rather than as a product that is installed on a user's computer

SAML (Web)

SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) is an XML-based standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between parties.

Sass (Web)

Sass (short for "Syntactically Awesome Style Sheets") is a preprocessor scripting language that is used to generate CSS code.

Scikit-Learn (Machine Learning)

Scikit-learn is a popular machine learning library in Python that provides a range of supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms.

Scrum (Web)

Scrum is an agile framework used for software development and project management. It is designed to help teams work together to develop, deliver, and maintain complex products.

SDK Extensions (Android)

Android SDK Extensions are additional libraries and tools that developers can use to enhance their Android app development experience.

SDLC (Web)

SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle, which is a methodology used to design, develop, test, and maintain software.

Sensors (Android)

Android smartphones come equipped with a variety of sensors that can detect different types of physical and environmental changes.

SEO (Web)

SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization. It refers to the practice of improving the visibility and ranking of a website or webpage on search engines like Google or Bing.

Server-side (Web)

Server-side refers to the part of a software application that runs on the server rather than on the client-side (i.e., the user's device).

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (Android)

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a communication protocol used to establish and manage communication sessions in IP networks.

SettingsActivity (Android)

The SettingsActivity is an Android activity that provides a user interface for modifying various system and application settings.

SFTP (Web)

SFTP stands for "Secure File Transfer Protocol". It is a secure protocol for transferring files between computers over a network.

SharedPreferences API (Android)

Android SharedPreferences is an API used to store and retrieve small key-value pairs of data within an Android application.

Shopping Cart / Basket (Ecommerce)

An ecommerce shopping cart / basket is a virtual cart that mimics the experience of a physical shopping cart in a brick-and-mortar store.

SignalR (Web)

SignalR is an open-source real-time communication library for .NET applications, enabling server-side code to send asynchronous notifications to client-side web applications.

SMTP (Web)

SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. It is a communication protocol used for sending and receiving email messages between servers.

SOA (Web)

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural style that is used in designing and developing software systems.

SOAP (Web)

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a messaging protocol that is used for exchanging structured information between applications or services over a network.

SPA (Web)

A Single Page Application (SPA) is a web application or website designed to deliver a seamless user experience by loading all the necessary resources on a single web page.

Speech Recognition (Machine Learning)

The goal of speech recognition is to enable computers to recognise and transcribe spoken words and phrases accurately.

SPN (Web)

A Substitution-Permutation Network (SPN) is a cryptographic primitive that is used to provide confidentiality to digital data.

SQL (Web)

SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It is a programming language used to manage relational databases.

SQL injection (Web)

SQL injection is a type of security vulnerability that allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL statements into an application's backend database.

SQLite (Android)

SQLite is a lightweight relational database management system that is embedded in Android devices, ideal for use in mobile applications that need to manage large amounts of data.

SSH (Web)

SSH (Secure Shell) is a network protocol used to securely access a remote computer or server over an unsecured network such as the internet.

SSL (Web)

SSL stands for Secure Sockets Layer, which is a security protocol used to establish a secure encrypted connection between a web server and a web browser.

SSO (Web)

Single sign-on (SSO) is a technology that allows users to log in to multiple applications or systems with just one set of login credentials.

Stripe (Web)

Stripe is a payment processing platform that provides a suite of tools and APIs that allow businesses to manage transactions, subscriptions, and recurring payments.

Stripe (Ecommerce)

Stripe is a third-party payment processor that enables businesses to accept payments over the internet.

Supervised Learning (Machine Learning)

Supervised learning is a type of machine learning where the model is trained on a labelled dataset, which means that each input data point is associated with a corresponding label.

SVG (Web)

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format that is used to display graphics and images on the web.

Swagger (Web)

Swagger is an open-source software framework that allows developers to design, build, document, and consume RESTful APIs.

Sync Flood Attack (Web)

A sync flood attack, also known as a TCP SYN flood attack, is a type of denial-of-service (DoS) attack in which an attacker attempts to overwhelm a targeted server.

TCP (Web)

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a standard communications protocol used for sending data over networks, including the internet.

TCP/IP (Web)

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a suite of communication protocols that are used for communication over the Internet and other computer networks.

TDD (Web)

TDD stands for Test-Driven Development. It is a software development approach where developers write automated tests before writing the actual code.

Telecom API (Android)

This API is designed to handle the various aspects of telephony functionality, such as making and receiving phone calls, managing call data, and routing audio through the device.

Telecom Framework (Android)

A system service in the Android operating system that provides APIs for managing phone calls and related communication features.

TelephonyManager API (Android)

The TelephonyManager API is an important part of the Android SDK that allows Android app developers to access information about the phone's telephony services.

TensorFlow (Machine Learning)

TensorFlow is an open-source software library developed by Google for machine learning and artificial intelligence applications.

Testing (Web)

Software testing is the process of evaluating a software application to ensure it meets the specified requirements, functions correctly, and is free from defects or errors.

Theano (Machine Learning)

Theano is a Python library for building and training deep learning models with efficient implementation of mathematical operations on multidimensional arrays.

Transfer Learning (Machine Learning)

In transfer learning, the knowledge learned by a model on one task can be transferred and used to improve the performance of the model on a related task.

TypeScript (Web)

TypeScript is a free and open-source programming language that is a superset of JavaScript.

UDP (Web)

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a network communication protocol that is used for transmitting datagrams over the internet or other network connections.

UI (Web)

UI stands for User Interface. It refers to the visual design and layout of the components with which users interact with a software application or system.

UI (Android)

Android UI (User Interface) refers to the visual and interactive components of an Android app that allow users to interact with the app's features and functionality.

UI Automator (Android)

Android UI Automator allows developers to create automated UI tests for their applications, which can be run on Android devices or emulators.

Ultra-wideband (UWB) (Android)

A short-range, high-bandwidth, low-power, wireless communication technology that enables wireless communication over short distances with very high precision.

Unsupervised Learning (Machine Learning)

The goal of unsupervised learning is to identify patterns or structures in the data, without any prior knowledge of the output.

USB accessory mode (Android)

When an Android device is connected to a host device in accessory mode, it can receive and send data using the USB protocol.

UX (Web)

UX, short for User Experience, refers to the overall experience a user has while interacting with a product, service, or system, such as a website or application.

Variable (Web)

In programming, a variable is a symbolic name or identifier that represents a value stored in the computer's memory.

VCS (Web)

A version control system (VCS) is a software tool used to manage changes to source code, documentation, and other files over time.

Vision AI (Machine Learning)

Vertex AI is a powerful platform for developing custom machine learning models and applications, including computer vision applications.

Vue (Web)

Vue is an open-source JavaScript framework for building user interfaces and single-page applications.

WAF (Web)

A web application firewall (WAF) is a type of firewall that is designed to protect web applications from various types of attacks.

Web app (Web)

A web app, short for web application, is a software program that runs on a web server and is accessed through a web browser interface over the internet.

Web development (Web)

Web development is the process of creating dynamic and interactive websites or web apps for the internet.

Wishlist (Ecommerce)

Think of wishlists just like wedding gift lists, they are an effective way to reduce shopping cart abandonment and increasing brand awareness for your site.

WorkManager (Android)

Android WorkManager is used to manage deferrable, background processing on Android based on network availability, battery status, and device idle state.

WorldPay (Web)

WorldPay is a global payment processing company that provides a range of payment solutions to businesses of all sizes.

XML (Web)

XML stands for "Extensible Markup Language". It is a markup language that is widely used to store and transport data.